<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AZ&#298Z UD-D&#298N FAQ&#298R (1780-1845)</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279'AZ&#298Z UD-D&#298N, FAQ&#298R (1780-1845), physician, diplomat, and foreign minister at the court of Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh, was the eldest son of <u>Gh</u>ul&#257m Mohy ud-D&#299n, a leading physician of Lahore. Of his two brothers, N&#363r ud-D&#299n held charge of the city of Lahore and had been governor of Gujr&#257t, and Im&#257m ud-D&#299n was <i>qil&#257hd&#257r</i> (garrison commander) of the Fort of Gobindga&#7771h. The family claims its descent from Ans&#257r&#299 Arab immigrants from Bu<u>kh</u>&#257r&#257, in Central Asia, who settled in Lahore as <i>Hak&#299ms</i> or physicians. <i>Hak&#299m</i> is the original title by which 'Az&#299z ud-D&#299n was known, the prefix <i>Faq&#299r</i> appearing for the first time in the official British correspondence only after 1826. Faq&#299r, Persian for a mendicant or dervish, was adopted by 'Az&#299z ud-D&#299n as a mark of simplicity and humility. In the court he was referred to as Faq&#299r Raz&#257, mendicant by choice.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䤀渀 ㄀㜀㤀㤀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 漀挀挀甀瀀椀攀搀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀Ⰰ ✀䄀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀稀 甀搀ⴀ䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀 眀愀猀 甀渀搀攀爀最漀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀攀渀琀椀挀攀猀栀椀瀀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀愀渀Ⰰ 䠀愀欀椀洀 䠀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀欀椀洀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀椀⸀ 匀甀洀洀漀渀攀搀 琀漀 琀爀攀愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 昀漀爀 愀渀 漀瀀栀琀栀愀氀洀椀挀 愀椀氀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 搀攀瀀甀琀攀搀 栀椀猀 瀀甀瀀椀氀 琀漀 愀琀琀攀渀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀琀椀攀渀琀⸀ 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀欀椀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 礀漀甀渀最 洀愀渀Ⰰ 猀漀漀渀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 栀椀洀 栀椀猀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀愀渀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀椀最渀攀搀 愀 㰀椀㸀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀㰀⼀椀㸀 琀漀 栀椀洀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 攀渀琀爀甀猀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀爀愀昀琀椀渀最 匀琀愀琀攀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 椀渀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 栀椀洀 猀琀椀氀氀 挀氀漀猀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 眀栀漀 戀攀最愀渀 琀漀 爀攀瀀漀猀攀 最爀攀愀琀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 栀椀洀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀 栀椀猀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀⸀ 䘀愀焀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 ✀䄀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀稀 甀搀ⴀ䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀✀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 洀愀樀漀爀 搀椀瀀氀漀洀愀琀椀挀 愀猀猀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 眀愀猀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀 愀昀琀攀爀 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀 䴀攀琀挀愀氀昀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 攀渀瘀漀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀✀猀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀甀氀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 吀爀攀愀琀礀 漀昀 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀 ⠀㄀㠀　㤀⤀⸀ 䠀攀 栀攀氀搀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 戀攀栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 爀甀氀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 伀挀栀琀攀爀氀漀渀礀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㄀　⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㠀㄀㌀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 搀攀瀀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 猀攀琀琀氀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀挀椀攀猀 漀昀 䄀琀琀漀挀欀 愀渀搀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䘀漀爀琀Ⰰ 戀礀 琀栀攀 䄀昀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 䨀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀 漀昀 愀 㰀椀㸀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀最☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀愀昀琀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀✀猀 爀攀椀最渀Ⰰ 䘀愀焀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 ✀䄀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀稀 甀搀ⴀ䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀 爀攀洀愀椀渀攀搀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 猀漀氀攀氀礀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 漀昀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 欀椀渀最搀漀洀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㠀㄀㔀Ⰰ 栀攀 栀攀氀搀 瀀愀爀氀攀礀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀 漀昀 䴀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 愀渀搀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀愀甀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 一愀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀 漀昀 䈀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀眀愀氀瀀甀爀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㠀㈀㌀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 猀攀渀琀 琀漀 倀攀猀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀眀愀爀 琀漀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 琀爀椀戀甀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 夀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䴀甀栀愀洀洀愀搀 㰀甀㸀䬀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 䈀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀愀欀稀愀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀愀琀栀 漀昀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀愀渀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䌀栀愀渀搀 漀昀 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㈀㐀Ⰰ 栀椀猀 猀漀渀Ⰰ 䄀渀椀爀漀搀栀 䌀栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 搀攀洀甀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀愀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀渀愀稀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 琀漀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀⸀ ✀䄀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀稀 甀搀ⴀ䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀 洀攀琀 栀椀洀 愀琀 一愀搀愀甀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀ 愀渀搀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 栀椀洀 爀漀甀渀搀 琀漀 瀀愀礀 栀漀洀愀最攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 最攀琀 栀椀猀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀椀漀渀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀搀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㠀㈀㜀Ⰰ 栀攀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 匀栀椀洀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 眀椀琀栀 愀 最漀漀搀眀椀氀氀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 挀愀氀氀 漀渀 䰀漀爀搀 䄀洀栀攀爀猀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀ⴀ最攀渀攀爀愀氀⸀ 䤀渀 䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㠀㌀㄀Ⰰ 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 眀愀椀琀攀搀 甀瀀漀渀 䰀漀爀搀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 䈀攀渀琀椀渀挀欀⸀ 䘀愀焀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀 ✀䄀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀稀 甀搀ⴀ䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀 眀愀猀 愀最愀椀渀 愀 洀攀洀戀攀爀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 匀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䠀愀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 一愀氀瘀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀搀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 栀愀搀 爀漀礀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀氀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀猀攀氀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀椀挀攀 漀昀 䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀 䴀漀琀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 刀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀洀 愀渀搀 ∀琀栀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀昀甀氀 䘀愀焀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀⸀ ∀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 刀漀瀀愀爀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 愀渀搀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 䈀攀渀琀椀渀挀欀 椀渀 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㄀㠀㌀㄀Ⰰ ✀䄀稀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀稀 甀搀ⴀ䐀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀Ⰰ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䌀愀瀀琀愀椀渀 圀愀搀攀 愀渀搀 倀爀椀渀猀攀瀀Ⰰ 愀挀琀攀搀 愀猀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀攀爀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 挀栀椀攀昀猀⸀ 䠀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀攀搀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀椀最渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 吀爀椀瀀愀爀琀椀琀攀 吀爀攀愀琀礀 漀昀 ㄀㠀㌀㠀 愀椀洀攀搀 愀琀 瀀甀琀琀椀渀最 匀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀 匀栀甀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀✀ 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀漀渀攀 漀昀 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀甀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀挀琀攀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀✀猀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀攀爀 搀甀爀椀渀最 栀椀猀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 䰀漀爀搀 䄀甀挀欀氀愀渀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 ㄀㠀㌀㠀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Faq&#299r 'Az&#299z ud-D&#299n has been described as "the oracle of the Mah&#257r&#257j&#257" and as "his master's mouthpiece. " He was learned in Arabic as well as in Persian and was "the most eloquent man of his day" - "as able with his pen as with his tongue. " He was one of the Mah&#257r&#257j&#257's most polished and accomplished courtiers, with a very gentle and affable manner and with a very catholic outlook. The Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 had complete trust in him and rewarded him with <i>j&#257g&#299rs</i> and honours.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'Az&#299z ud-D&#299n continued in the service of the Sikh State after the death of Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh. He represented Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 Kha&#7771ak Si&#7749gh on a complimentary mission to Lord Auckland at Shiml&#257 in December 1839, and waited upon Lord Ellenborough at F&#299rozpur in December 1842, under Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 Sher Si&#7749gh's instruction. He remained scrupulously aloof from factional intrigues which had overtaken Lahore after Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh's death. Saddened at the turn events had taken and by the death of two of his sons, he died in Lahore on 3 December 1845.</p>਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="BIB">਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 匀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 匀漀栀愀渀 䰀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀Ⰰ ✀㰀椀㸀唀洀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀ⴀ甀琀ⴀ吀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䰀愀栀漀爀攀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㠀㔀ⴀ㠀㤀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Waheeduddin, Faqir Syed, <i>The Real Ranjit Singh</i>. Delhi, 1976<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䈀栀愀最愀琀 匀椀渀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䴀愀栀愀爀愀樀愀 刀愀渀樀椀琀 匀椀渀最栀 愀渀搀 䠀椀猀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀　㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Harbans Singh, <i>The Heritage of the Sikhs</i>. Delhi, 1983<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䘀⸀ 匀⸀ 䄀椀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀稀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀搀搀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀渀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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